What are turbines?
A turbine, derived from the Latin word “turbo,” meaning whirlwind or vortex, is an energy device with a constant flow of working fluid (either gas or liquid) through a system of fixed and moving blades (also known as a turbomachine). Its primary purpose is to convert the potential or thermal energy of the fluid flow into kinetic energy, which is then transferred into mechanical work by rotating the rotor.
How do turbines work?
Hydraulic turbines: Hydraulic turbines use the energy of water to produce mechanical work. Water passing through the turbines causes the blades on the rotor to rotate. The rotation of the rotor drives a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Gas turbines: Gas turbines use the energy of high-speed gases (air and fuel) to produce mechanical work. Air is compressed in the compressor, mixed with fuel, and burned in the combustion chamber. Hot gases pass through the turbine blades, causing rotation. The turbine’s rotation drives the compressor and generator for electricity generation.
Steam turbines: Steam turbines use the energy of steam generated by heating water. The water is heated, creating steam that passes through the turbine blades, causing rotation. The turbine’s rotation drives a generator for electricity generation.
Turbocharger: Turbochargers are used in internal combustion engines. A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to spin a fan that compresses the air before it enters the engine cylinders. The increased air pressure allows for better fuel combustion and increases the engine’s power.
In all these applications, the basic principle of turbine operation is converting fluid energy into rotational motion, which is then used to perform specific work, such as generating electricity or increasing engine power.
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